CSS Pseudo-elements

What are Pseudo-Elements?

A CSS pseudo-element is used to style specific parts of an element.

For example, it can be used to:

  • Style the first letter or line, of an element
  • Insert content before or after an element
  • Style the markers of list items
  • Style the viewbox behind a dialog box

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CSS Pseudo-classes

What are Pseudo-classes?

A pseudo-class is used to define a special state of an element.

For example, it can be used to:

  • Style an element when a user moves the mouse over it
  • Style visited and unvisited links differently
  • Style an element when it gets focus
  • Style valid/invalid/required/optional form elements

Syntax

The syntax of pseudo-classes:

selector:pseudo-class {
  property: value;
}

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CSS Combinators

A CSS selector can contain more than one simple selector. Between the simple selectors, we can include a combinator.

There are four different combinators in CSS:

  • Descendant combinator (space)
  • Child combinator (>)
  • Next sibling combinator (+)
  • Subsequent-sibling combinator (~)

Descendant Combinator

The descendant combinator matches all elements that are descendants of a specified element.

The following example selects all <p> elements inside <div> elements: Continue reading CSS Combinators

CSS Syntax

The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.

The declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons.

Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value, separated by a colon.

Multiple CSS declarations are separated with semicolons, and declaration blocks are surrounded by curly braces.

In this example all <p> elements will be center-aligned, with a red text color:
p {
  color: red;
  text-align: center;
}

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CSS Introduction

CSS is the language we use to style a Web page.

What is CSS?

  • CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
  • CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media
  • CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once
  • External stylesheets are stored in CSS files

CSS Demo – One HTML Page – Multiple Styles!

Here we will show one HTML page displayed with four different stylesheets. Click on the “Stylesheet 1”, “Stylesheet 2”, “Stylesheet 3”, “Stylesheet 4” links below to see the different styles:

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HTML Geolocation API

The HTML Geolocation API is used to locate a user’s position.

Locate the User’s Position

The HTML Geolocation API is used to get the geographical position of a user.

Since this can compromise privacy, the position is not available unless the user approves it.

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HTML Audio

The HTML <audio> element is used to play an audio file on a web page.


The HTML <audio> Element

To play an audio file in HTML, use the <audio> element:

Example

<audio controls>
  <source src="horse.ogg" type="audio/ogg">
  <source src="horse.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>

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HTML Video

The HTML <video> element is used to show a video on a web page.

The HTML <video> Element

To show a video in HTML, use the <video> element:

Example

<video width="320" height="240" controls>
  <source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4">
  <source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>

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HTML Multimedia

Multimedia on the web is sound, music, videos, movies, and animations.

What is Multimedia?

Multimedia comes in many different formats. It can be almost anything you can hear or see, like images, music, sound, videos, records, films, animations, and more.

Web pages often contain multimedia elements of different types and formats.

Browser Support

The first web browsers had support for text only, limited to a single font in a single color.

Later came browsers with support for colors, fonts, images, and multimedia!


Multimedia Formats

Multimedia elements (like audio or video) are stored in media files.

The most common way to discover the type of a file, is to look at the file extension.

Multimedia files have formats and different extensions like: .wav, .mp3, .mp4, .mpg, .wmv, and .avi. Continue reading HTML Multimedia

HTML SVG

SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)

SVG defines vector-based graphics in XML, which can be directly embedded in HTML pages.

SVG graphics are scalable, and do not lose any quality if they are zoomed or resized:

SVG is supported by all major browsers.

What is SVG?

  • SVG stands for Scalable Vector Graphics
  • SVG is used to define vector-based graphics for the Web
  • SVG defines graphics in XML format
  • Each element and attribute in SVG files can be animated
  • SVG is a W3C recommendation
  • SVG integrates with other standards, such as CSS, DOM, XSL and JavaScript

The <svg> Element

The HTML <svg> element is a container for SVG graphics.

SVG has several methods for drawing paths, rectangles, circles, polygons, text, and much more.

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