Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.
In the example below, we use the assignment operator (=) to assign the value 10 to a variable called x: Continue reading C++ Assignment Operators
C++ Operators
C++ Operators
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
In the example below, we use the + operator to add together two values:
Example
int x = 100 + 50;
Although the + operator is often used to add together two values, like in the example above, it can also be used to add together a variable and a value, or a variable and another variable:
Example
int sum1 = 100 + 50; // 150 (100 + 50)
int sum2 = sum1 + 250; // 400 (150 + 250)
int sum3 = sum2 + sum2; // 800 (400 + 400)
C++ divides the operators into the following groups:
- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Comparison operators
- Logical operators
- Bitwise operators
C++ Data Types Examples
Real-Life Examples
Here’s a real-life example of using different data types, to calculate and output the total cost of a number of items:
Example
// Create variables of different data types
int items = 50;
double cost_per_item = 9.99;
double total_cost = items * cost_per_item;
char currency = '$';
// Print variables
cout << "Number of items: " << items << "\n";
cout << "Cost per item: " << cost_per_item << currency << "\n";
cout << "Total cost = " << total_cost << currency << "\n";
C++ String Data Types
String Types
The string type is used to store a sequence of characters (text). This is not a built-in type, but it behaves like one in its most basic usage. String values must be surrounded by double quotes : Continue reading C++ String Data Types
C++ Character Data Types
Character Types
The char data type is used to store a single character. The character must be surrounded by single quotes, like ‘A’ or ‘c’:
Example
char myGrade = 'B';
cout << myGrade;
Alternatively, if you are familiar with ASCII, you can use ASCII values to display certain characters: Continue reading C++ Character Data Types
C++ Boolean Data Types
Boolean Types
A boolean data type is declared with the bool keyword and can only take the values true or false.
When the value is returned, true = 1 and false = 0.
Example
bool isCodingFun = true;
bool isFishTasty = false;
cout << isCodingFun; // Outputs 1 (true)
cout << isFishTasty; // Outputs 0 (false)
C++ Numeric Data Types
Numeric Types
Use int when you need to store a whole number without decimals, like 35 or 1000, and float or double when you need a floating point number (with decimals), like 9.99 or 3.14515. Continue reading C++ Numeric Data Types
C++ Data Types
C++ Data Types
As explained in the Variables article , a variable in C++ must be a specified data type:
Example
int myNum = 5; // Integer (whole number)
float myFloatNum = 5.99; // Floating point number
double myDoubleNum = 9.98; // Floating point number
char myLetter = 'D'; // Character
bool myBoolean = true; // Boolean
string myText = "Hello"; // String
C++ User Input
C++ User Input
You have already learned that cout is used to output (print) values. Now we will use cin to get user input.
cin is a predefined variable that reads data from the keyboard with the extraction operator (>>).
In the following example, the user can input a number, which is stored in the variable x. Then we print the value of x: Continue reading C++ User Input
C++ Variables Examples
Real-Life Examples
Let’s get a bit more practical!
Often in our examples, we simplify variable names to match their data type (myInt or myNum for int types, myChar for char types, and so on). This is done to avoid confusion.
However, for a practical example of using variables, we have created a program that stores different data about a college student: Continue reading C++ Variables Examples