Return the sign of a number:
SELECT SIGN(255.5);
The SIGN() function returns the sign of a number.
This function will return one of the following:
SIGN(number)
Round the number to 2 decimal places:
SELECT ROUND(235.415, 2) AS RoundValue;
The ROUND() function rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places.
Tip: Also look at the FLOOR() and CEILING() functions.
ROUND(number, decimals, operation)
Return a random decimal number (no seed value – so it returns a completely random number >= 0 and <1):
SELECT RAND();
The RAND() function returns a random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).
RAND(seed)
Convert a degree value into radians:
SELECT RADIANS(180);
The RADIANS() function converts a degree value into radians.
RADIANS(number)
Return 4 raised to the second power:
SELECT POWER(4, 2);
The POWER() function returns the value of a number raised to the power of another number.
POWER(a, b)
Return the value of PI:
SELECT PI();
The PI() function returns the value of PI.
Note: Also look at the DEGREES() and RADIANS() functions.
PI()
Find the price of the cheapest product in the “Products” table:
SELECT MIN(Price) AS SmallestPrice FROM Products;
The MIN() function returns the minimum value in a set of values.
Note: Also look at the MAX() function.
MIN(expression)
Find the price of the most expensive product in the “Products” table:
SELECT MAX(Price) AS LargestPrice FROM Products;
The MAX() function returns the maximum value in a set of values.
Note: Also look at the MIN() function.
MAX(expression)
Return the base-10 logarithm of 2:
SELECT LOG10(2);
The LOG10() function returns the natural logarithm of a number to base 10.
Note: Also look at the LOG() function.
LOG10(number)
Return the natural logarithm of 2:
SELECT LOG(2);
The LOG() function returns the natural logarithm of a specified number, or the logarithm of the number to the specified base.
From SQL Server 2012, you can also change the base of the logarithm to another value by using the optional base parameter.
Note: Also look at the EXP() function.
LOG(number, base) — Syntax for SQL Server
OR :
LOG(number) — Syntax for Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Data Warehouse, Parallel Data Warehouse